Essentially, they mined the soil. Carried to its logical conclusion, soil mining would leave the land eroded and exhausted. Production would cease, and the landlords, the tenants, and the land would all be ruined. Black tenancy in Indian Territory has a similar story. All of the Five Tribes had black slaves.
When the tribesmen were removed to Indian Territory, they brought their slaves with them. By many cotton plantations existed in the Choctaw and Cherokee Nations, mostly in the fertile river bottoms of the Arkansas and Red rivers. Most plantations had several hundred acres in cotton and dozens of slaves to do the work. The Civil War disrupted the plantation system in Indian Territory, and after the war most planters lacked money and manpower to resume operation.
Post-war treaties between the U. Despite a delayed process, eventually most freedmen received land allotments of at least forty acres.
While this kept them out of farm tenancy for a time, in harsh reality a forty-acre farm is not big enough to allow a farmer to get ahead. In all likelihood, many of the freedmen lost their small farms and did so for the same reasons that white farmers lost theirs. In Oklahoma had 22, black farmers, 14, of them tenants. Compared to , white farmers, , of whom were tenants, the numbers of blacks are quite low. As only a few thousand Indian slaves became freedmen, it does not seem likely that all black farmers in Oklahoma were their descendants.
Many must have migrated to Oklahoma as employees or tenants of Indian landowners, or later on as homesteaders or displaced tenants. It is clear that the kind of plantation-oriented black sharecropping that existed in the Deep South after the Civil War never developed in Oklahoma. In fact, the number of black sharecroppers, only 4, in , was quite small. Interestingly, there were 16, white sharecroppers at the same time.
Generally, the black croppers and tenants had smaller farms that were less productive, lowering their standards of living and making their tenure on the land even less secure. A growing national problem in the s, southern farm tenancy ended abruptly during and after World War II. Since the farmers had their own control over agricultural production , they possess the right to take a decision for their harvested product and made small profits from crop production. The sharecroppers are fully dependent on landowners for input supply and equipment while tenant farmers usually owned necessary materials and paid the landowner rent for farmland and a house making them less dependent on owners.
In addition to this, sharecroppers had to share their large portion of crop produced until the debt is paid to the owner, so they make less profit from farming. Unlike sharecroppers, tenant farmers make more profit from crop production as they only need to pay rent for what they took and have full control over their production.
For instance: if the farmers took a plot to plant cotton in the rented plot, his earning would be based on how much he would produce or how he sold the crops and only he has to pay rent or some part of his crop produced so, he is able to make more profit. Also, the sharecroppers have no right to decide what to produce, how to harvest, and the way of selling. The owner themselves sold the crop produced and gave the farmers a small portion of earning. On the other hand, the tenant farmers have the right to decide what crop to produce, how to manage crops, and how to sell.
Sharecropping was a way for poor farmers, both white and black, to earn a living from land owned by someone else. With the assassination of President Lincoln in , it was up to President Andrew Johnson to try to reunite former enemies. The Reconstruction Acts of laid out the process for readmitting Southern states into the Union. A lien is a claim or legal right against assets that are typically used as collateral to satisfy a debt.
A lien serves to guarantee an underlying obligation, such as the repayment of a loan. If the underlying obligation is not satisfied, the creditor may be able to seize the asset that is the subject of the lien. The period after the Civil War, — , was called the Reconstruction period. Abraham Lincoln started planning for the reconstruction of the South during the Civil War as Union soldiers occupied huge areas of the South.
Sharecropping can be identified as a branch of tenant farming, but based on the payments these systems vary to each other. This article describes both the systems, their similarities, and differences between them. Sharecropping is one of the traditional cropping systems that engage with both landowners and farmers resources. In this cropping system, landowner gives his own land to any other farmers for a decided period. The responsibility of the farmer is to cultivate the land and engage with all the management practices of the cultivation.
Finally, the yield obtained should be divided between both farmer and the landowner.
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