For them, the Abbasid caliphs were not rivals rather a source of legitimacy. Mahmud was conscious of being the son of a slave. He was eager to receive the title of Sultan from the caliph. The caliph was willing to support the Sunni Ghaznavid to counter the Shiite power. Following the death of Mahmud of Ghazni, the Saljugs conquered Khurasan in After that, they turned their attention to western Persia and Iraq.
In , they restored Baghdad to Sunni rule. The caliph, al-Qaim, conferred the title of Sultan on Tughril Beg. This marked the separation of religious and political authority. Similar Questions What was the reason behind the world wars? What is the reason behind covering wires carring electricity with rubber in some places? In a beetle population, the number of green beetles is more than blue and red beetles. Givea reason. Values and Life Skills Practical application of knowledge Gautam's father has got the iron gate and iron grills of his house painted.
What do you think is the reason behind this? Upon his accession in , Louis XVI found an empty treasure. What were the reasons behind the financial crisis in France? Mention one reason. Who was Tughril Beg? To which tribe did Prophet Muhammad belong to? In which year did he attain enlightenment?
By which name Hijri year is also known as? How many days are there in it? Name the first and second Khalifa of Muslims. When did Umayyad dynasty come into power?
Name its last ruler. What do you know about the Battle of Karbala? When was Prophet Muhammad forced to migrate Mecca? When and between whom Battle of Camel was fought? Who were Kharjis? What was their role? Who were Muslims? Where is Dome of Rock? Who built it? Describe the significance of Dome of Rock in brief. Who was the founder of Umayyad dynasty? How did the Abbasids dynasty legitimise their bid to power?
What were the reasons for the weaknesses of Abbasid state in 9th century? Write any two reasons. What do you know about Rabia? Who were Turks? Write about them in brief. Write any two teachings of Islam. Which two things did they promise? How was the institution of Caliphate created? Name four Caliphs. How did they justify their power? Write any two objectives of the institution of Caliphate. Who was third Caliph? Why was he assassinated? Why did Islam divide into two sects? Name these two sects also.
Why did Prophet Muhammad migrate to Madina? Why did Fatimids consider themselves as the sole rightful rulers of Islam? How did Arab bring Syria, Iraq and Egypt under their control? Name the four schools of Islamic law. Which is the most conservative among them?
What did the history of Islamic world bring together? What are the twin objectives of Caliphate? Name any four important literary works of Islamic world. Between whom the Battle of Camel was fought? Who was the last Khalifa of Umayyad dynasty?
Describe the importance of Nishapur in two sentences. By whom and when was Tahir dynasty founded? When was the Great Mosque of al-Mutawwakil in Samara built? What do you know about Umar Khayyam? Describe its two features. What is. Describe any two impact of Islam on the Arabian people. Describe in brief the incident, which helped in making of paper in Samarqand. Describe in short the contribution of Arabs in the field of culture. Who was Ibn Sina?
What do you know about the great Mosque of Mutawwakil in Samara? Exercise: Short Answer Type Questions. What are the five pillars of Islam? Describe the main teachings of Islam. What do you know about Arab tribe? Write in short. What were Crusades? Describe its two impact on the Christian Muslim relations.
Write any four factors responsible for the rise of Arab empire. Why did the early Caliph follow an expansionist policy? Which factors contributed to their success? Describe some features of administrative structure of Arabs under the early Khalifa. Write in brief about the contribution of the Arab civilization to the world in the field of science.
List the responsible factors which enabled the Umayyad to come to power. Write an evolutionary note on the regime of the fourth Caliph, Ali. During Abbasids, Arab influence began to decline. The Umayyads sought to legitimize their rule.
Explain by giving examples. Were the Abbasid rulers able to abolish monarchy? Which factors were responsible for contributing unity among Islamic society between CE? Or Which factors contributed to the unity of Islamic society between CE? Which factors contributed to commercial prosperity of the Central Islamic land? Write about the importance of Shahnama. How did Caliphate break up in the Arab Empire? Describe the distribution of agricultural land in the conquered territories by the Arabs from the aspect of ownership.
What was the center of Abbasid uprising? Why did it take place? Give reasons. Or Write any four arguments to support the concept of Abbasid Revolution.
What were the reasons for the break up of the Caliphate and rise of the concept of Sultanate? Or Elaborate a few causes for the break up of Caliphate and the rise of the concept of Sultanate. Exercise: Long Answer Type Questions. Describe the major beliefs and practices that characterized Sufism. What do you know about the main teachings of Islam?
Justify the statement by giving examples. Discuss the main sources of income of the state in detail. Or What do you know about agriculture of the Central Islamic lands? Exercise: Passage Based Questions. Passage 1. A date in the Hijri calendar is followed by the letters AH. The Hijri year is a lunar year of days, 12 months Muharram to Dhul Hijja of 29 or 30 days.
Each day begins at sunset and each month with the sighting of the crescent moon. Shahzade Abdu00fclmecid Efendi is seen on a horse as he goes to Friday prayer. The caliphate was one of the oldest Islamic institutions in the history. The Ottoman caliphate was the last Sunni caliphate of the late medieval and early modern era that lasted 13 centuries and was abolished in The successors of Prophet Muhammad, who was the head of the Islamic state, were called "caliphs," a term translated as "successor" in English.
Starting from the 11th century, various states were established on the lands the Muslims ruled, from the Atlantic Ocean to deep inside China and the authority of the caliph became symbolic in these countries.
After that, the caliph had the same status with the emperors in the European empires, while the sultans governing these Islamic states were much like kings and princes under the rule of the emperor. When Baghdad was taken by the Mongols in , the Abbasid Caliphate continued its existence in Cairo.
In truth, the power was in the hands of the sultans nominally loyal to the caliph. The caliph became a spiritual symbol that reminded the Muslims of the golden days of Islamic unity.
Upon the conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Sultan Selim I, the title of the caliph was passed down to the Ottoman sultans and the title regained its old authority.
The office of the caliphate stated that the Ottoman sultans were also the "leaders of the Muslim World. Muslims who traveled from Turkistan through Caucasia for hajj did not miss the chance to visit Istanbul and make their Friday prayers with the caliph.
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