There are no distinct cognitive or medical differences between people with translocation trisomy 21 and those with complete trisomy Sometimes, a parent who does not have Down syndrome may carry a translocation in chromosome 21 that can be passed on to children and cause Down syndrome. Studying the parents' chromosomes can reveal whether this is the cause of the syndrome. A genetic counselor can assist families affected by translocation trisomy 21 in understanding the risk of Down syndrome in future pregnancies.
What causes Down syndrome? Updated national birth prevalence estimates for selected birth defects in the United States, — Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology , 88, — Down syndrome. How many people are affected?
Many parents find that learning as much as they can about the condition helps ease fears. Children with Down syndrome benefit from getting early intervention services as soon as possible. Physical therapy , occupational therapy , and speech therapy can help, and early childhood educators can work with your child to encourage and boost development. States provide early intervention services to kids with disabilities from birth to age 3. Check with your doctor, developmental pediatrician, or a social worker to find resources in your area.
Under IDEA, local school districts must provide "a free appropriate education in the least restrictive environment" and an individualized education program IEP for each child. Where to send your child to school can be a hard decision.
The needs of some kids with Down syndrome are best met in a specialized program. But many kids with Down syndrome go to school and enjoy the same activities as other kids their age. Being in a regular classroom known as inclusion , when appropriate, is good for both the child with Down syndrome and the other kids. A few kids with Down syndrome go on to college. Many transition to semi-independent living.
Others continue to live at home but hold jobs and find their own success in the community. Your school district's child study team can work with you to find what's best for your child. Reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD. Larger text size Large text size Regular text size.
What Is Down Syndrome? What Causes Down Syndrome? Medical problems that happen more often with Down syndrome include: thyroid problems stomach and intestinal problems, including celiac disease seizures breathing problems, including sleep apnea and asthma obesity infections, including ear infections and pneumonia childhood leukemia People with Down syndrome sometimes have an unstable upper spine and should be checked by a doctor every year or sooner if they have symptoms, such as neck pain, walking funny, or loss of bladder or bowel control.
How Is Down Syndrome Diagnosed? Two types of prenatal tests can look for Down syndrome in a fetus: Screening tests estimate the chances that a fetus has Down syndrome.
Diagnostic tests can tell if the fetus actually has the condition. Screening tests include: Nuchal translucency testing.
This test is done between weeks 11—14 of pregnancy. It uses ultrasound to measure the clear space in the folds of tissue behind a developing baby's neck. Doctors aren't sure why this chromosome problem happens to some babies. It's nothing the mom or dad did before the child was born. Anyone can have a baby with Down syndrome. About half of babies with Down syndrome are born with heart defects.
Usually, doctors can fix these kind of heart problems with surgery. Some babies may have intestinal problems that also need surgery to fix. Kids with Down syndrome are more likely to get infections that affect their lungs and breathing. They may have eye or ear problems or digestion problems like constipation. Some may get leukemia, a type of cancer.
Each person with Down syndrome is different and may have one, several, or all these problems. Kids with Down syndrome tend to grow and develop more slowly than other children do.
They may start walking or talking later than other babies.
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